ABSTRACT
Objective: In the present study, an attempt was made to assess the shelf life of the Snuhi latex which is frequently used in fresh condition for the preparation of Ksharasutra, a medicated thread, used in Ayurveda. Methods: The latex of E. antiquorum, E. caducifolia, E. nivulia and E. tirucalli were collected individually and stored in air tight glass vials during the month of May, 2018. Physical attributes like Colour, odour, appearances, pH and microbial load of all four samples were assessed as per standard protocol. Assessment was made every day, 9 AM, for 7 d in room temperature and for 10 d in refrigerated samples. Results: Result shows that, pH range (start-end day) was 4.25-5.18, 4.79-5.12, 4.48-4.76 and 4.40-5.42 in case of E. antiquorum, E. caducifolia, E. nivulia and E. tirucalli at room temperature. It was found that, Aspergillus niger was found in Euphorbia antiquorum, Euphorbia caducifolia whereas Candida albicans was found in Euphorbia tirucalli latex in fungal culture on the 7th day after collection, when the samples were stored at room temperature. All the samples were free from microbial growth up to 10thday when stored at 4-5 °C in a refrigerator. Conclusion: Temperature, and moisture affects the quality of fresh snuhi latex. The latex remains free from microbial growth up to six days in room temperature and up to 10 d under at refrigerated temperature (4-5 °C).
Subject(s)
Cost Control , Delivery of Health Care/trends , Health Care Costs , Humans , Neoplasms/economicsABSTRACT
Knowledge of the varying drainage patterns of superficial veins of head & neck, in particular, jugular veins are not only important for anatomists but also for the surgeons operating at this level and to clinicians in general. The variations are important for interventional radiologists too who perform transjugular procedures, such as port implantations and the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt or selective venous samplings. Results of recent studies report that the superficial veins, especially the external jugular vein (EJV), is been increasingly utilized for cannulation to conduct diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. We report a very unusual presentation of external jugular vein on left side of an embalmed male cadáver. Embryological evaluations of the anomaly was done and compared with available literature which showed that the observed variation is rare.
El conocimiento de los diferentes patrones de drenaje de las venas superficiales de la cabeza y cuello, en particular, las venas yugulares no sólo son importantes para anatomistas, sino también para los cirujanos que operan a este nivel y para los médicos en general. Las variaciones son importantes también para los radiólogos intervencionistas, quienes realizan procedimientos transyugulares, así como implantaciones portales y portosistémicas transyugulares intrahepáticas o derivación venosa selectiva. Resultados de estudios recientes informan que la venas superficiales, especialmente la vena yugular externa, es cada vez más utilizada para la canulación en diagnósticos y procedimientos terapéuticos. Se reporta una muy inusual variación anatómica de la vena yugular externa del lado izquierdo, presente en un cadáver embalsamado de sexo masculino. Fueron realizadas evaluaciones embriológicas de la anomalía y se compararon con la literatura mostrando que se trata de una variación rara.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Head/blood supply , Neck/blood supply , Jugular Veins/abnormalities , Cadaver , Jugular Veins/embryologyABSTRACT
This study is an analysis of 250 cases over a period of 2 years, admitted to our hospital for various poisonings. The total incidence of poisoning was 11.9%, much higher as compared to the other series. Of these, 58.4% were seen in the age group of 1-4 years. Male to female ratio was 1.7:1. Incidence of food poisoning was 48.8% followed by that of kerosene (24%), pesticides (9.6%), chemicals and medicaments (8.4%), plant (3.6%) and animal bites (3.2%). Overall mortality was 0.8%.
Subject(s)
Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hospitals, General , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Infant , Male , Poisoning/epidemiology , Sex FactorsSubject(s)
Child , Goiter/genetics , Humans , Hypertrophy , Hypothyroidism/genetics , Male , Muscles/pathology , SyndromeABSTRACT
In a prospective study of 50 infants of diabetic mothers, 40% were large, 44% appropriate and 16% small for gestational age, 36% were preterm, 24% of the mothers were managed by dietary modification, 62% received insulin, 10% were treated with oral hypoglycemic agents while 4% did not receive any treatment as they were diagnosed postpartum, 58% mothers, underwent cesarean section (38% elective and 20% emergency procedures), 34% had normal vaginal deliveries, 6% were delivered by forceps and 2% by vacuum. Sixty-four per cent were infants of gestational diabetic (IGDM) and 36% of preconceptional diabetic mothers (IPDM). The morbidity and mortality was lesser in IGDM compared to IPDM. Hypoglycemia was documented in 50%, polycythemia in 20%, birth asphyxia in 18%, respiratory distress syndrome and hypocalcemia in 14% each, transient tachypnea of the newborn in 12%, hyperbilirubinemia in 8%, congenital anomalies in 4% and cardiomyopathy, birth trauma and meconium aspiration in 2% each. Pretherapy serum insulin levels were estimated in 10 babies, and 6 babies were subjected to 2D-echocardiography. The overall mortality was 20%. Infants born to mothers on oral hypoglycemic agents had a poor outcome.